Category: News

  • The spaces and movements of colonial forced labour: an “ecosystem of running”, a reality of everyday life, 1918–1962

    The spaces and movements of colonial forced labour: an “ecosystem of running”, a reality of everyday life, 1918–1962

    Communication

    Платформа представляет собой сложную экосистему с множеством сервисов. На Kraken marketplace можно найти обменник, форумы для общения и новостной раздел. Это делает его не просто рынком, а полноценным сообществом для пользователей с общими интересами.

    The spaces and movements of colonial forced labour: an “ecosystem of running”, a reality of everyday life, 1918–1962

    Event: Colonial and Post-Colonial Landscapes. Architecture, Cities, Labour
    Authors: Alexander Keese, Université de Genève 
    Date: 12 Feb 2026
    Location: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Lisbon

    В условия постоянны блокировок основного домена, использование зеркал становится неободимостью. Чтобы получить доступ, пользователям нужно найти актуальные кракен зеркала работающие сегодня. Эти копии сайта полностью дублируют функционал и базу данны основного ресурса, обеспечивая бесперебойную работу сервиса.

    Biographical note

    Full professor of Sub-Saharan African history since 2019. He joined the University of Geneva as an SNSF scholarship professor in 2015, after leading the ForcedLabourAfrica research group (ERC Starting Grant) at the Centro de Estudos Africanos da Universidade do Porto in Portugal (2010–2011) and then at Humboldt University in Berlin (2011–2015). He defended his doctoral thesis in modern and contemporary history in 2004 at the University of Freiburg im Breisgau and his habilitation thesis in 2010 at the University of Bern. Alexander Keese was a visiting researcher at the Centre of European and International Studies and Research (CEISR) at the University of Portsmouth in the United Kingdom and a visiting professor at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS). A specialist in the comparative history of decolonisation in West and Central Africa, the history of forced labour and ethnic mobilisation in the context of conflict, he is also interested in several global issues, including a global history of forced labour and a comparative perspective on plantation systems (African and non-African; he has conducted research in Suriname and Brazil, where he has several research collaborations).

    Click here to download the poster.

  • The Crafts that shape(d) Senegalese Modern Architecture

    The Crafts that shape(d) Senegalese Modern Architecture

    Communication

    The Crafts that shape(d) Senegalese Modern Architecture

    Event: Colonial and Post-Colonial Landscapes. Architecture, Cities, Labour
    Authors: Nzinga B. Mboup
    Date: 11 Feb 2026
    Location: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Lisbon

    Biographical note

    Nzinga Biegueng Mboup is a Senegalese architect and co-founder of Worofila, a Dakar-based practice that specializes in bioclimatic architecture and construction using earth and other local natural materials. Some of her most notable projects include the Ngor Vertical house and the upcoming Rainforest Gallery of the MOWAA Campus in Nigeria. She is also active as a researcher and has made significant contributions to urban and cultural heritages studies in Dakar. Since 2023, Mboup has been collaborating with the Canadian Centre for Architecture as the leader of CCA c/o Dakar, a 3-year research program investigating Senegal’s unarchived architectural heritage. She has been appointed to teach an Advanced Architecture Design Studio over the 2025 summer at Columbia University focusing on “Assessing Endogenous Building Practices”.

    Click here to watch the video.

  • Colonial and Post-colonial Landscapes International Congress 11-13 February 2026

    Colonial and Post-colonial Landscapes International Congress 11-13 February 2026

    Register here

    Workers laying the track. Tete Railway Construction Brigade, 1949 [AHU, OP3629]

  • Gendered work in former Portuguese colonial Africa: Mass labor and public works

    Gendered work in former Portuguese colonial Africa: Mass labor and public works

    Journal Article

    Gendered work in former Portuguese colonial Africa: Mass labor and public works 

    Journal: The Journal Modern Craft, 18
    Author: Ana Vaz Milheiro

    Author: 2025

    “Ilha do Fogo. Girl carrying boulders to the water abstraction at Praia do Ladrao beach. Salary: 3$00 daily.” Antonio de Almeida (1948).
    “Santiago. Women working to repair a street in Praia, next to two bullies…” Antonio de Almeida (1948).

    Summary

    References to the existence of women in Portuguese Colonial Public Works can be found on payrolls since the turn of the nineteenth century. Their work was subordinated to men’s work and they consistently earned lower wages. After World War II, their presence in quarries, or dealing with small pavement repairs, would endure in economically precarious geographies. One of these locations was Cape Verde, where positions for carpenters, bricklayers, and construction helpers were left vacant after the emigration of men. This situation was not very different from that in rural Portugal, where women, mostly illiterate, also constituted a cheap workforce. Examining gendered labor in colonial Cape Verde, this article analyzes the complex coexistence of subalternity, race, and extreme poverty in an understudied context. Women workers were generally associated with unskilled labor and high demands on a large scale. In light of their apparent invisibility in colonial records, this paper considers whether and how the characteristics of this group impacted design projects. It also explores whether working in Public Works meant the emancipation of women who were heads of single-parent families or only represented the perpetuation of inequality.

    Click here to access the article.

  • Building the Fringes of Empire: Mining Companies, Transnational Experts, Race and Space in Colonial Africa

    Building the Fringes of Empire: Mining Companies, Transnational Experts, Race and Space in Colonial Africa

    Book Chapter


    Building the Fringes of Empire: Mining Companies, Transnational

    Book: Routledge Critical Companion to Race and Architecture
    Author: Beatriz Serrazina

    Editors: Felipe Hernández and Itohan Osayimwese

    Print: Routledge, 2025

     Workers’ camp at Union Minière, Katanga (Ern. Thill, Bruxelles)
    Village for Cape Verdean workers, Lunda, Angola (Diamang’s archives, DCV-UC/AD)

    Summary

    Mining company towns and workers’ villages in Central Africa, inhabited by thousands of mine‐ workers and families, insightfully picture how difference between race, class and gender was spatialised through various building politics, protocols and materials. This chapter aims to highlight the complex and diverse ways the concept of ‘race’ was deployed and impacted in spatial planning. It explores company settlements and policies as apparatuses of layered trans‐imperial connections and circulations that turned cross‐fertilised expertise in space and architectural design into key tools for consolidating power. The multi‐scalar networks participating in these concessions are here examined to surpass the still dominant state‐centred frames of analysis which fail to disclose the strength of transnational connections, while allowing to assess the role of other experts in empire building. Located in‐between borderland areas, private enterprises became significant fields of experience and translation for architectural models and construction techniques, thus pushing research to move beyond dichotomic approaches towards more polyhedral perspectives.

    Click here to access the manuscript.

  • Archival research stay at the National Archives of Cabo Verde

    Archival research stay at the National Archives of Cabo Verde

    Fieldwork

    Archival research stay at the National Archives of Cabo Verde

    Type of fieldwork: Archival research
    Author: Filipa Lopes
    Period: 6-17 October 2025

    Location: National Archives Institute of Cabo Verde (IANCV). Praia, Cabo Verde

    Boxes containing MIT catalogue sheets and archival documents from IANCV fonds being consulted during the research stay
    Cover of the 2004 numerical repertory of
    the ITPAS fonds

    Summary

    The archival research stay at the IANCV was carried out within the framework of the ArchLabour project, with the aim of gathering documentation on public works, labour history, and the technical infrastructures developed across the Cabo Verde archipelago during the late colonial period. The research combined systematic consultation of catalogues and finding aids with the identification of key archival materials.

    Research began with the examination of handwritten catalogue sheets from the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (MIT) fonds, alongside other finding aids held at the IANCV. This initial survey enabled the identification of relevant fonds and records, with particular attention given to documentation relating to major infrastructures such as Sal Airport, the Praia Seminary designed by architect Silva e Castro, lyceums and schools, road networks, workers’ settlements, and water-supply systems. A central objective of the research was also to locate records concerning public works labour in Cabo Verde, including information on workers’ origins, training, wages, technical staff, construction materials, and transport logistics.

    This research produced substantial results. Thousands of MIT catalogue sheets were examined, covering areas such as hydraulics, ports, aerodromes, urban planning, and education. Of particular significance was the identification of documentation produced by technical brigades responsible for hydraulic and road construction, as well as by other colonial technical departments overseeing public works. Labour‑related materials were also located, including worksite diaries, nominal lists of labourers, wage tables, and invoices for construction materials.

    Beyond the MIT fonds, relevant documentation was also found in the Institute of Labour, Welfare and Social Action (ITPAS) fonds, particularly records relating to labour recruitment, mobility, trade union activity, unemployment lists, and intercolonial transfers. The fonds of the Secretariat‑General of Government, the Customs Services, the Praia Municipal Administration, and other municipal fonds were similarly surveyed, providing additional insight into the local implementation of public works. The research further identified photographic and postcard collections held at the Museum, which visually document infrastructure across the archipelago.

    All collected material is currently being organised into Excel datasets and PDF files to support the ongoing research activities of the ArchLabour team.

  • On What Material Do You Want It to be Made…? Negotiations and Colonial Building Sites in African Territories Under Late Portuguese Rule (Working Paper)

    On What Material Do You Want It to be Made…? Negotiations and Colonial Building Sites in African Territories Under Late Portuguese Rule (Working Paper)

    Working Paper


    On What Material Do You Want It to be Made…? Negotiations and Colonial Building Sites in African Territories Under Late Portuguese Rule

    Journal: TRADITIONAL DWELLINGS AND SETTLEMENTS WORKING PAPER SERIES, vol. 343
    Authors: Ana Vaz Milheiro
    Date: 2025

    Population and soldiers involved in the construction of Nhabijões, Bambadinca Sector, Guinea-Bissau. c. 1970
    Construction of Casa Axiluanda: framing the roof with coconut tree slats, Island of Luanda, Angola, c. 1965

    Summary

    This paper examines the concept of “community development” in the construction of single-family homes in former Portuguese colonial territories in Africa during the Cold War to gain insight into the strategies of self-production housing. It traces a narrative of the colonial building sites of these residential landscapes through three processes of optimization: how technicians described the core tasks of domestic scale works, identifying local agents with the “right skills”; how they tested the capacity for self-construction; how they managed the interplay between local labor, traditional techniques and industrialized materials. Finally, the paper questions how the building sites’ dynamics impacted project design.

    Click here to download the paper.

  • Mining Labor, Housing, and Building Sites Across Central Africa (Working Paper)

    Mining Labor, Housing, and Building Sites Across Central Africa (Working Paper)

    Working Paper


    Mining Labor, Housing, and Building Sites Across Central Africa

    Journal: TRADITIONAL DWELLINGS AND SETTLEMENTS WORKING PAPER SERIES, vol. 343
    Authors: Beatriz Serrazina
    Date: 2025

     “Experiments with earth blocks in the village of Chilupuca”, Lunda, 1954
    “This brickmaker has already filled and scraped one half of his mold”, Belgian Congo; “Dundo brickworks [Lunda]. Brick molding using quadruple forms”, 1955

    Summary

    This paper will critically analyze the intersections and interactions between African labor, skills, tasks, building materials and methods in the construction of mining camps in Angola and the Belgian Congo during the 20th century. It argues that camps are a fruitful environment in which to explore multiple dimensions of cosmopolitanism within the colonial context. The construction processes and the influence of construction methods and training are examined. The paper concludes that workers played a pivotal role in shaping their dwellings and camps, and their involvement in construction resulted in cosmopolitan relations and spaces.

    Click here to download the paper.

  • The prohibition of the trafficking of Asian labourers in the Atlantic at the end of XIX century

    The prohibition of the trafficking of Asian labourers in the Atlantic at the end of XIX century

    Communication

    The prohibition of the trafficking of Asian labourers in the Atlantic at the end of XIX century

    Event: International Congress: Crime, Surveillance and Mobilities in the Atlantic, 19th and 20th centuries
    Authors: Sónia Pereira Henrique
    Date: 10 – 12 September 2025

    Location: CIES-Iscte Centre for Research and Studies in Sociology, Lisbon, Portugal

    “The prohibition of the trafficking..” presentation structure, 2025
    Panel debate, International Congress: Crime, Surveillance and Mobilities in the Atlantic, 19th and 20th centuries, 2025

    Summary

    The phenomenon of transatlantic mobility, as designed by the Portuguese empire, has been shown to encompass both human trafficking and forced labour. The analysis of an evolving population of labourers migrating from Asia to Africa, specifically India and China, facilitates an investigation beyond the confines of Portuguese colonial public works. These labourers constitute a foundational layer of other implications associated with work conditions, incorporating commercial, cultural and legal dimensions. The term “coolie” configures a designation applied to Indian workers mobilised to perform labour in the colonial possessions. Initially, that labour force was allocated to plantations; however, due to labour shortages, it did also encompass a wide range of tasks outside of rural contexts. This assertion may be extended to the concept of origins, as the designation in question was also applied to Chinese-origin workers.

    The expansion and deepening of the historiographical debate surrounding the transnational movement of people and the surveillance of international crime in the Atlantic axis must include the Asian contingents trafficked as labour workforce to Africa and South America. In the context of Portuguese colonial public works, the Benguela Railway – Angola’s largest railway – required a significant workforce of people from diverse backgrounds working in a range of skilled trades. As the African workforce was not proving sufficient for the development of the Portuguese public works overseas, Asian workers were also recruited into the colonial project. Furthermore, this workforce provides an invaluable opportunity to explore the concepts of crime, surveillance and mobilities, which consisted of servitude and oppression, whether in the context of plantations – where this movement originally began – or public works due to labour workforce shortages. The decay of slavery and the continuing demand for goods, it became crucial to determine how to monetise the abolitionist movement. Irrespective of the nuances of this free labour, which bore a striking resemblance to enslaved work, apprenticeships and indentured labour emerged as prominent forms of employment. Transversing multiple thematic axes, this proposal explores transnational criminal behaviour of human trafficking and its entanglement in national, imperial and international control and surveillance on migration and mobility, as well as the internationalization of political, technical and public debates around the criminal question.

    Click here for more information.

  • Architecture and resistance: the construction of the Strategic Villages in the Zambezi Valley, Mozambique (1970-1973)

    Architecture and resistance: the construction of the Strategic Villages in the Zambezi Valley, Mozambique (1970-1973)

    Communication

    Architecture and resistance: the construction of the Strategic Villages in the Zambezi Valley, Mozambique (1970-1973)

    Event: International Conference “50 Anos das Independências das Colónias Portuguesas em África: Histórias, Processos, Legados e Memórias”
    Authors: Ana Vaz Milheiro, Francesca Vita
    Date: 17 – 19 July 2025

    Location: University of Lisbon, Portugal

    GPZ camp, on going construction in Nhaluiro village, (feb-1974). Source: G.P.Z. Sector B – Rural reordering. Subsect. 11.
    House plan being laid out in Changara village, (mar-1974). Source: G.P.Z. – Sector D, Social Promotion and settlement. Subsect. 1 to 7.

    Summary

    Before Mozambique declared independence, the Zambezi Valley was transformed into a vast construction site. Around 3,000 homes and collective facilities were being built to house the populations of the Tauara and Tonga ethnic groups. The decision to build the Cabora Bassa dam in Tete province had a profound impact on the landscape. The project was part of a wider counter-insurgency program designed to reinforce Portugal’s geopolitical importance as a colonial power, with the aim of halting the Mozambican struggle for independence (Pereira, 2022). The Zambezi Planning Office began the ambitious “Changara-Chioco Rural Planning Plan”.

    Based on archival material and photographic reports taken between 1971 and 1973 that recorded the “compulsive” gathering of communities to build these strategic villages, the presentation analyzes the settlement process with the aim of finding (small) signs of resistance that have remained “hidden”. The themes recorded by the military and civil authorities in the area ranged from experimental agricultural fields, health care, “social promotion” activities, water supply and buildings. We are particularly interested in the persistence of ways of living, house plans and construction systems that reproduced pre-colonial processes, as a way of assessing how African vernacular architecture embodied a “silent resistance”.

    Click here for more information.