Category: race

  • Impérios corporativos: As genealogias transnacionais da arquitectura sócio-recreativa no colonialismo português (1930–1970)

    Impérios corporativos: As genealogias transnacionais da arquitectura sócio-recreativa no colonialismo português (1930–1970)

    Event: Workshop “Ditadura, instituições e quotidianos coloniais”
    Authors: Beatriz Serrazina
    Date: 19 – 20 Março 2026

    Location: Universidade de Cabo Verde, Polo 3, Cabo Verde


    Diamang Main Staff House, Dundo, 1950s [DCV-UC/AD]
    Foyer Social, Kinshasa, Belgian Congo, 1940

    Summary

    As actividades da Diamang na Lunda, no nordeste de Angola, ao longo do século XX, no âmbito do colonialismo português, envolveram não só a extracção de diamantes como também a construção de infraestruturas, habitação e equipamentos colectivos nas mais variadas escalas e programas. Esta apresentação visa a Casa do Pessoal da companhia, criada em 1936 e com sucessivas expansões nas décadas seguintes, explorando as diversas materializações da instituição e respectivos contextos de produção. Organizada como espaço fundamental na ordem social na Diamang, simultaneamente incluindo e separando diferentes grupos sócio-raciais, a Casa do Pessoal revela múltiplas interacções com a população e o seu quotidiano, do planeamento e construção à utilização, adaptação e negociação.

    As dimensões formais e funcionais da arquitectura parecem evidenciar semelhanças que desafiam concepões tipológicas e retóricas das instituições sociais e recreativas que sustentaram ambições políticas de controlo social. Neste sentido, a apresentação propõe uma abordagem cruzada entre a Casa do Pessoal, a Casa do Povo e os Centros Recreativos – instituições planeadas e construídas entre as décadas de 1930 e 1970 em geografias industriais que dialogaram com Diamang, tanto a nível territorial, como do ponto de vista económico e corporativo. A análise sublinha a importância de considerar conexões mais amplas e complexas entre o aparelho do Estado Novo português e a sua dimensão colonial, num campo historiográfico em que as intersecções no eixo metrópole-colónias suscitam ainda importantes questões analíticas, e também com outras geografias próximas, nomeadamente o caso do Congo Belga, desafiando os limites do nacionalismo metodológico. As relações directas com as pretensões sócio-recreativas da FNAT ou as cartilhas laborais belgas, anunciadas pela própria companhia, ou as apropriações formais feitas na Lunda a partir das propostas arquitectónicas para as Casas do Povo em Portugal, no final da década de 1940, indiciam diálogos que complicam genealogias de poder, ordem e contestação.

  • Gendered work in former Portuguese colonial Africa: Mass labor and public works

    Gendered work in former Portuguese colonial Africa: Mass labor and public works

    Journal: The Journal Modern Craft, 18
    Author: Ana Vaz Milheiro

    Author: 2025


    “Ilha do Fogo. Girl carrying boulders to the water abstraction at Praia do Ladrao beach. Salary: 3$00 daily.” Antonio de Almeida (1948).
    “Santiago. Women working to repair a street in Praia, next to two bullies…” Antonio de Almeida (1948).

    Summary

    References to the existence of women in Portuguese Colonial Public Works can be found on payrolls since the turn of the nineteenth century. Their work was subordinated to men’s work and they consistently earned lower wages. After World War II, their presence in quarries, or dealing with small pavement repairs, would endure in economically precarious geographies. One of these locations was Cape Verde, where positions for carpenters, bricklayers, and construction helpers were left vacant after the emigration of men. This situation was not very different from that in rural Portugal, where women, mostly illiterate, also constituted a cheap workforce. Examining gendered labor in colonial Cape Verde, this article analyzes the complex coexistence of subalternity, race, and extreme poverty in an understudied context. Women workers were generally associated with unskilled labor and high demands on a large scale. In light of their apparent invisibility in colonial records, this paper considers whether and how the characteristics of this group impacted design projects. It also explores whether working in Public Works meant the emancipation of women who were heads of single-parent families or only represented the perpetuation of inequality.

    Click here to access the article.

  • Colonial labour housing: a ‘propaganda’ tool?

    Colonial labour housing: a ‘propaganda’ tool?

    Event: European Architectural History Network. 8th International Conference
    Authors: Beatriz Serrazina
    Date: 19 – 23 June 2026

    Location: National Technical University of Athens, Greece


    Union Minière, Lubumbashi Camp, Katanga, 1928[AGR, Sibeka, 530]
    Tipo de aldeia indígena Diamang, 1942 [DCV-UC/AD]

    Summary

    Colonial space was often produced for and supported by mineral extraction. Yet, none of the extractive businesses set up in Africa throughout the first half of the 20th century could run without workforce. By requiring the engagement of thousands of African people, private companies responsible for housing their labourers. Since both enterprises and governments believed disruption within the intimacy of household could serve multiple ends, villages became critical spaces for simultaneously running industrial areas and carrying out a “modernising” mission envisioned by European powers. In 1961, the director of a mining company’s labour service, operating in north-eastern Angola, wrote a few telling words: “The advantages of a well-built brick house are well known. Adding to labour productivity and stability, we must highlight the propaganda factor. What a valuable propaganda tool a permanent house is!”

    By following transformations in labour housing typologies over time, and while acknowledging strong inter-imperial networks connecting private corporations across Central Africa, mainly between Angola and Belgian Congo, this presentation aims to question the domestic space as a core arena for shaping, enduring and contesting colonialism. It will unpack house planning, design and materials, from the first “propaganda villages” in the 1930s to the later “modern neighbourhoods” built in the 1960s. Companies repeatedly tried to work with “models” and “types” of houses to create “legible” landscapes and “modern” communities – but reports show that reality on the ground was often messier than intended. Despite colonial imaginaries, “modern” houses run along native domesticities, thus shaping an intricate landscape.

    The overall goal is to understand how and to what extent transformations in housing have resulted from and been fuelled by different agents and agendas: the demands and know-how of local communities, the requests of international and inter-imperial organisations, the possibilities of growing scientific and technological research, alongside companies’ productivity drives.